What is the most common antiseptic used before a puncture procedure?

The most common antiseptic used before a puncture procedure is alcohol, typically in the form of isopropyl alcohol or ethanol. Alcohol is effective for skin antisepsis due to its ability to rapidly kill a broad range of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It works by denaturing proteins and disrupting cell membranes, leading to the death of the pathogens on the skin's surface.

Alcohol is often preferred for routine phlebotomy procedures because it dries quickly and leaves minimal residue, which helps to ensure that the puncture site is clean and reduces the risk of infection. It is also readily available and cost-effective, making it a practical choice for healthcare settings.

In contrast, while chlorhexidine and iodine are effective antiseptics, they are typically reserved for situations where a higher level of disinfection is required, such as in surgical settings or for patients with compromised immune systems. Hydrogen peroxide, although used in some disinfectant applications, is generally not preferred for skin antisepsis prior to puncture procedures due to its higher potential for irritation and slower action compared to alcohol.