What disorder is characterized by excessive iron absorption in the body?

Hemochromatosis is a disorder characterized by excessive iron absorption and accumulation in the body, which can lead to various health complications. This genetic condition often results from mutations in the HFE gene that affect the regulation of iron absorption from the diet. As iron is essential for many bodily functions, including oxygen transport and cellular metabolism, the body typically absorbs just the right amount based on its needs. However, in hemochromatosis, this regulatory mechanism is impaired, leading to an overload of iron.

Over time, the excess iron can deposit in organs such as the liver, heart, and pancreas, potentially causing conditions like liver cirrhosis, heart disease, and diabetes. Early detection and management, such as regular phlebotomy to reduce iron levels, are crucial for preventing serious health issues associated with this disorder.

In contrast, the other options listed describe different conditions: polycythemia involves an increase in red blood cell mass, porphyrias are a group of disorders related to heme production, and thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder affecting hemoglobin production. Each of these conditions has distinct underlying mechanisms and implications, making hemochromatosis the correct choice for excessive iron absorption.