What can happen if a hematoma occurs at the puncture site?

When a hematoma occurs at the puncture site, it is primarily characterized by the accumulation of blood outside the blood vessels, often due to the leakage of blood from a vein following a needle puncture. This pooling of blood can cause visible bruising since the blood collects under the skin, leading to discoloration in the area. In addition to the cosmetic aspect, this condition is usually accompanied by pain and tenderness at the site of the hematoma. The presence of the hematoma indicates that the vascular integrity has been compromised, but it also signifies localized inflammation and tissue reaction to the extravasation of blood.

Understanding why hematomas lead to bruising and pain emphasizes the importance of proper technique during venipuncture to minimize the risk of this complication. It serves as a reminder for phlebotomy technicians to apply adequate pressure to the site after drawing blood and to ensure that the needle is properly positioned to avoid damaging the surrounding tissue.